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Senator Patrick Brazeau: Bring on the RCMP charges

Written By Unknown on Sabtu, 30 November 2013 | 22.41

Bring it on.

That's Senator Patrick Brazeau's message to the RCMP regarding any investigation into his expenses.

Brazeau was one of three senators suspended without pay on Nov. 5, for allegedly filing inappropriate expenses. No one has been charged with a criminal offence yet, the RCMP is still investigating.

In an interview with CBC Radio's The House, Brazeau told host Evan Solomon that he has nothing to lose and that it would have been a lot easier if the RCMP had charged him, because he would have been suspended with pay. Now he's prepared to put up a fight.

"I know I didn't claim inappropriate expenses whatsoever, so if there are going to be charges then bring them on and I'll defend myself," he said.

Brazeau maintains he did not do anything wrong and that he was suspended over the amount of $144.97. Nothing compared to the thousands of dollars Duffy and Wallin are accused of misspending.

Brazeau does not come up in the explosive RCMP court documents released last week. They reveal more details about the inner workings of the Prime Minister's Office and how involved it was in trying to fix the situation with Duffy's expenses.

But he has been watching the story unfold closely and calls it a "gong show" and said it proves what he's been saying all along, that he was thrown under the bus.

"All I can say, which is what I have said from the get go, is about a year ago I was told by a Conservative senator who sat on the committee overseeing all the expenses, saying that I was going to be put under the bus to protect Michael Duffy at the time."

As for the seemingly close ties between some Conservative senators and the Prime Minister's office revealed in the court documents, Brazeau was not surprised but is angry that the list of Conservative senators and staffers involved is long, but he is only one of a few without a paycheck now.

"Obviously we have a long list of Conservative senators and other staff members who were involved — but they are allowed to remain on the payroll."

Brazeau is actively looking for a new job, taking to Twitter to look for opportunities. But he's finding it difficult.

"I'm like any ordinary Canadian. I'm just looking to find some honest work so that I can provide for my family. And regardless if I'm a senator, if I still hold the title of senator or not, I still have to find work because the most important thing is my family," he said.

Brazeau said right now he's working on a book about his life and how government works. He's on chapter three.


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Randall Hopley, who abducted B.C. boy, sentenced to 7 years

Randall Hopley has been sentenced to six years in prison and declared a long-term offender for the abduction of three-year-old Kienan Hebert in 2011.

In a Cranbrook, B.C., courtroom Friday morning, Hopley was also sentenced to one year in prison for a breaking and entering in Alberta, for a total sentence of seven years.

He will be given 26 months credit for incarceration while awaiting trial, and will serve a total of five more years.

Hopley, 48, pleaded guilty to abducting Hebert in the middle of the night and holding him in an abandoned cabin for four days in September 2011. Just as stealthily as Hopley had abducted the toddler, he returned him. The Hebert family found Kienan unharmed, back in his bed, four days later.

Long-term offender status

Hopley's long-term offender status means he will be supervised for 10 years following his release.

Randall Hopley to be sentenced

Randall Hopley covers his face as sheriffs escort him into B.C. Supreme Court in Cranbrook. The convicted sex offender was sentenced Friday.

The long-term offender designation was added to the Criminal Code in 1997 for offenders – generally repeat, violent, sexual offenders – who need long-term monitoring in the community, but don't meet the standards required to be declared dangerous offenders.

The designation requires a psychological and behavioural assessment be presented to the court. Sexual preferences and offences are taken into consideration in the case of a sexual offender, such as Hopley.

For dangerous or long-term offender status to be declared, it must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused stands a substantial chance of reoffending. The morality and reputation of the offender, among other things, can also be taken into consideration by the court.

No dangerous offender status

The Crown had argued for Hopley to be given dangerous offender status – that he poses such a great risk to reoffend he should be jailed indefinitely for public safety reasons.

But, Justice Heather Holmes ruled Friday that Hopley is not a dangerous offender. Had he been ruled a dangerous offender, Hopley would have been given an indefinite prison sentence.

"Crown is pleased with the results. This means Mr. Hopley will be in custody or under supervision until he is 63. The public will be protected for a very long time," said Crown prosecutor Lynal Doerksen.

Holmes read a long list of Hopley's offences, but did not find they met the threshold for an indefinite prison sentence.

Defence lawyer William Thorne told the court that although Hopley abducted Kienan in the dead of the night, he did not physically harm the boy. Thorne recommended Hopley, who has a below-average IQ, receive a two-year federal sentence.

Although Hopley has abducted and assaulted children in the past, Holmes indicated she believes he stands a chance at rehabilitation.

Holmes noted the severity of the abduction, as well as the effect it had on the Hebert family and on the small community of Sparwood. Hopley set off an Amber Alert, triggering one of the largest manhunts ever seen in B.C., when he took Kienan from the Hebert's unlocked home.

The Hebert family has not attended any of the court proceedings, but have shown compassion to Hopley and even sent him a greeting card wishing him well while he was awaiting trial.


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Attacks by seniors with dementia prompt investigation

The B.C. Coroners Service will investigate the level of care in two B.C. seniors' homes following two deadly attacks earlier this year on seniors at the homes by other patients with dementia.   

Investigators will look into the conditions at Vernon's Polson Care Facility and Overlander Extended Care Hospital in Kamloops that allowed patients suffering from dementia to attack other residents.              

A second-degree murder charge against 95-year-old John Furman was stayed Wednesday, after the Crown found Furman was in a delusional state when he attacked and killed his 85-year-old roommate, William May, in August. Furman suffered from severe dementia.

In a similar incident in Kamloops this June, 79-year-old Jack Shippobotham sustained injuries from an attack by another patient resulting in a broken hip and nose. He died of those injuries three weeks later.

"So we need to look at whether there was anything going on that maybe we could make some recommendations that would be reasonable or practical and might prevent future deaths in similar circumstances," said B.C. Coroners Service spokesperson Barb McClintock.

Shippobotham's daughter, Moneca Jantzen, has called for changes to the way seniors with dementia are managed in care homes. She wants specialty wards with added security for patients who suffer from delusional episodes.

"It's a very difficult illness to handle," she said.

Jantzen said four other families shared similar stories of attacks with her.

The investigation could result in a coroner's inquest, a death review panel, or a coroner's report to the institutions that were in care of the victims.


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Christopher Montgomery: Senate white knight on Conservative blacklist?

Of all the questions left over from last week's release of a treasure trove of documents from the RCMP's investigation into the Senate scandal, one of the most nagging is this: Why is it that the one person who raised a red flag is no longer working in government?

Chris Montgomery

Christopher Montgomery served as director of parliamentary affairs in the office of Conservative Senator Marjory LeBreton when she was government leader in the Senate. (LinkedIn)

Christopher Montgomery served as director of parliamentary affairs in the office of Conservative Senator Marjory LeBreton when she was government leader in the Senate. Montgomery's name comes up time and again in the RCMP paper trail. Unlike others, though, the image that emerges is overwhelmingly positive.

When staffers from the Prime Minister's Office were pressing a Senate committee to amend its report into Senator Mike Duffy's expenses to go easy on him, the RCMP documents show Montgomery resisting.

On one page, police outline how "he (Montgomery) advised the PMO, specifically Patrick Rogers and Chris Woodcock, that they should not be involved in the Senate audit and reports regarding Senator Duffy."

"During his seven years in the Senate," the report continues, "he (Montgomery) cannot recall other times when representatives from the PMO actually attended meetings and insisted on wording of a Senate report."

As negotiations reached their heated conclusion, Rogers sent an email to Woodcock and Nigel Wright, Prime Minister Stephen Harper's former chief of staff, to complain. "This is epic. Montgomery is the problem."

In the end, the Duffy report was amended. By July, LeBreton had announced she was stepping down as government leader in the Senate, leaving Montgomery without a job.

In situations like these, a position is usually found in a minister's office or elsewhere in government.

But a senior Conservative source says there was nothing for Montgomery, blaming his run in with the PMO.

A friend of Montgomery said he felt out of favour; that he was not seen as a team player.

Montgomery eventually found work with the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers. Contacted at his office in Calgary, he would not comment on the RCMP documents, the ongoing police investigation or his decision to leave Ottawa.

Montgomery is still highly regarded on Parliament Hill.

"He's a very good guy," said Senator Claude Carignan, who replaced LeBreton as government leader in the Senate.

"He's very good, very competent. He's an expert in Senate rules. We don't have a lot of persons with this expertise."

Carignan said he was in contact with Montgomery over the summer, before he was confirmed as the new government leader in the Senate, and before he could offer him a position in his office.

"During this time, he received an offer from the private sector that he could not refuse," Carignan said.

Others named in the RCMP documents had a far easier time finding work, including Rogers and Woodcock, the two PMO staffers who Montgomery scolded for trying to alter the Senate report on Duffy.

Rogers now works for Heritage Minister Shelly Glover. Woodcock is chief of staff to Natural Resources Minister Joe Oliver.

When Glover appeared before the House of Commons Heritage Committee this week, Liberal MP Stéphane Dion tried to ask whether she hired Rogers or if he was placed in her office by the PMO. The question was ruled out of order.

Oliver faced questions about Woodcock the day before when he appeared before the natural resources committee.

"At the time that you hired Mr. Woodcock, were you aware that he'd been involved in the whitewash of a Senate report?" asked Liberal MP Geoff Regan.

Oliver called his question "appalling" and said his chief of staff brings "a wealth of experience" to his office.


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New Brunswick crash kills 4 teens

Generic RCMP badge

RCMP say four teens are dead after a crash in Notre-Dame, N.B. (CBC)

Four teenagers are dead after a vehicle crashed just after midnight in Notre-Dame, N.B.

RCMP said three people were ejected from the car after it veered off the side of Route 115 and crashed into a culvert.

Speed was a factor in the crash, RCMP said. The accident happened around 12:40 a.m. on Saturday. Notre-Dame is north of Moncton, N.B.

All the victims are male. Three are 18 years old, and one is 17 years old.


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Scott Jones attack inspires Don't be Afraid campaign

Written By Unknown on Jumat, 29 November 2013 | 22.41

The story of a Nova Scotia man who was brutally stabbed last month has sparked an awareness campaign encouraging people to speak up against homophobia.

Scott Jones, 27, is recovering after he was stabbed in the back twice and his throat was slashed on Oct. 12 in New Glasgow. The injury to Jones's throat was superficial, but the stabbing severed his spinal cord, leaving him a paraplegic.

Police haven't called it a hate crime, but many of Jones's friends say he was attacked because he is openly gay.

The Facebook-based Don't Be Afraid campaign includes a series of photos of people holding up a colourful sign reading "Don't be afraid." People have also sent along their own personal, positive messages.

Contributors have sent in notes from across Canada and as far away as France.

"It's just love," reads one.

"You think you are normal, but you are just hetero​," says another.

Jones's own message on the group's Facebook site reads: "Acknowledging and letting go of fear can lead to a deeper level of acceptance. Don't be afraid to face your fear; don't be afraid to love and accept yourself."

The musician's supporters are also rallying to raise money for his long recovery.

About 40 performers and poets came out to a fundraiser called Gottingen Street for Scott Jones on Thursday night. The event was spread between seven venues. 

Many had never met Scott Jones, but felt compelled to take part.

Cory LeRue said it was great to see different artists uniting to fight homophobia.

"That just shows the strength of the music scene here in Halifax. Just the strength of community in general that people are just willing to help their fellow Haligonian or Nova Scotian," he said.

Organizer Rose Allen said it was touching to see Jones's family come out to see the outpouring of support.

"It's really fantastic to see a huge cross-representation of the citizens of Halifax. We have members of the music industry, we have music fans, we have members of the queer communities, we have families, people of all ages. It's really inspiring to see everybody rally together," she said.

More than $113,000 has been raised for Jones since he was attacked in the Thanksgiving weekend.

To hear sounds from Thursday night's event click here.


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Faux plane crash SOS from Avery's puzzles authorities

The Canadian military mobilized search aircraft in a desperate hunt for a large passenger plane they believed had crashed in Nova Scotia's Annapolis Valley, after a farm market inexplicably emitted an electronic SOS signal, CBC News has learned.

It was a fruitless search.

According to Transport Canada's Civil Aviation Daily Occurrence Reporting System, the Avery's Farm Market in Berwick started sending out a signal on the night of Nov. 14, telling rescue authorities a British Airways Boeing 777 passenger liner with hundreds of people aboard had crashed.

A Cormorant helicopter was launched, an Aurora aircraft was diverted and another one was put on standby as members of the Civil Air Search and Rescue Association were tasked to search for the plane.

"I guess the signal was a distress signal about an airplane that had crashed in this location, but there was actually no airplane that crashed," said April Huntley, a supervisor at Avery's Farm Market.

April Huntley

April Huntley, a supervisor at Avery's Farm Market in Berwick, N.S., said government officials came to the store to try to figure out the source of the distress signal. (CBC)

The plane in question, meanwhile, had arrived safely in Atlanta after taking off from London's Heathrow Airport several hours earlier.

Huntley said that the next day, government officials came to the store to scan the building to find the source of the emergency signal.

It turned out to be a digital video camera and recorder — the security system at Avery's. Then the mystery deepened: shutting off the security system did not shut off the signal.

"They did tell us that they had airplanes and stuff, they had sent out search teams and everything because they actually thought there was a crash," said Huntley.

"We're not really sure why the signal was coming from the security system."

The store's security system had been in place for years, Huntley said, and it's still unclear how a vegetable store could mimic a crashed airliner.

The Canadian Forces confirmed the futile search to CBC News but did not provide an explanation.

"An ELT [Emergency Locator Transmitter] signal was reported, prompting JRCC Halifax to task an airborne Aurora aircraft, a Cormorant helicopter and an additional Aurora aircraft that was later stood down prior to departure," Maj. R. Martell Thompson, a spokesman for Joint Task Force Atlantic, said in a statement.

"The signal was later determined to be emitting from the Berwick area, and was referred to Industry Canada and CASARA for further investigation."


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Father given unsupervised access to children he molested

A B.C. Supreme Court judge reviewing evidence from a custody dispute determined that the father of four children sexually and physically abused three of them, contrary to the findings of a flawed Vancouver Police Department investigation.

The mother of the children, who was awarded sole guardianship and custody in the 2012 court judgment, is now suing the province, saying it was negligent and acted in bad faith in allowing her former partner unsupervised access to the children during the dispute.

The mother's lawsuit against the province is currently on trial at B.C. Supreme Court in Vancouver and has already gone on for more than 80 days.

In addition, the mother is asking the Vancouver Police Department to reopen its investigation into allegations her former partner sexually abused their three children. The department closed its investigation in 2010.

"I want what is proper law. It's nothing vindictive, or anything like that," said the woman, whose identity cannot be revealed in order to protect her children.

"My ex is — he obviously is a very dangerous person. Like he didn't stop. I would like to see him properly prosecuted... That's all, because there's no sign that he's gonna stop unless something like that happens."

She says her world was flipped upside down two months after she and her husband separated in the fall of 2009 when, acting on only slight suspicion, she asked her three eldest children whether their father ever did anything to them.

She said she was expecting her children to respond with blank looks and confusion, but instead they began blurting out disturbing allegations that shocked her.

"The only thing I can think of now is Jekyll and Hyde, because… I just actually never could have fathomed what he was doing," she told CBC News in an exclusive interview.

A 'Kafkaesque' nightmare

She called the Ministry of Children and Family Development's helpline the next day, and called the Vancouver Police Department several times to seek assistance.

An order of the court was issued in October of that year, restraining the father from any contact with the mother or the children.

However, in December 2009, Justice Paul Walker — the same judge who ruled in the couple's later custody dispute — varied this order to allow the father supervised access to the children for specific hours.

Throughout this period, the father, along with his family and friends, made calls to Ministry workers and eventually the police, registering concerns about the mother's mental capacity.

In his custody dispute judgment three years later, B.C. Supreme Court Justice Paul Walker deemed the behaviour "a baseless attempt to discredit her."

However, at the time, the authorities decided the frantic mother was unreliable, and also likely in need of a mental assessment.

The Ministry took the kids away from their apparently unstable mom, and placed them in foster care, with an aunt and uncle, in December 2009.

After a series of interviews with the parents and children that December and January 2010, the senior investigating VPD officer, along with officers from the RCMP Behavioural Sciences unit, determined that the allegations against the father were unfounded, and closed the investigation.

Later that year, a social worker began allowing the father unsupervised access, contrary to the original 2009 court order, which their mom says allowed the abuse to continue.

'The more she protested, the more she was labelled as being crazy.'
- Jack Hittrich, lawyer for the mother

"It was, it was like, one professional described it: 'Kafkaesque' is the best term that comes to mind. It's as if the people involved were just twisting everything," the mother said.

Jack Hittrich, the mother's lawyer, says the Ministry of Children and Family Development was negligent, reckless, and acted in bad faith.

"When mom was frantically trying to convince the ministry that the sexual abuse allegations were real, they basically labelled her as crazy. And the more she protested, the more she was labelled as being crazy," he said. "It's a horrific nightmare."

Hittrich doesn't think the mother could have accomplished more by protesting more, and that institutional failures must be corrected.

"Until the child sex abuse lens is refined and there's more sensitive processes in place, children are at risk," he said.

VPD officer 'smitten' with father

A former RCMP superintendent who reviewed the police interrogation videos, testified in court that the VPD investigation was deeply flawed.

"I think the police formed the opinion that the mother had no credibility, therefore they didn't react and follow the investigation the way it should have been followed," said Glenn Woods, who worked for the RCMP for 35 years.

Woods, who spent 11 career years as a criminal profiler, said after watching the footage, he believes the senior officer involved in the case developed negative attitudes early on about the mother — and positive feelings about the dad.

"I used the word 'smitten.' I just got a sense that the interaction between the officer and the father was almost at times kind of a social interaction, as opposed to a police interview or interrogation."

Woods told the CBC that Vancouver Police should have fresh eyes look at the file, saying "I think an effort has to be made to take another look at this case."

In his judgment on the custody dispute last year, B.C. Supreme Court Justice Paul Walker agreed with Woods' critique of the police interrogation, writing "I was struck by how quickly and easily [the father] took control of the interview. It appeared to me that the officer was enamoured of (the father) in some way."

In his conclusion after reviewing footage of what he characterized as several flawed interviews, Walker wrote "I have determined that I can place no weight on the conclusions reached by the VPD… that there was no merit in the sexual abuse allegations."

Walker also determined, from the evidence presented, that the father sexually abused three of his children, exposed them to inappropriate sexualized knowledge, and physically assaulted them and their mother. 

He gave full custody to the exonerated mother, and said a restraining order would be required against the father.

Father maintains innocence

CBC News spoke with the father, who maintains that his ex-wife fabricated the sex abuse claims in order to gain sole custody of their children.

"By itself, that allegation is nuclear. You light off that allegation and there's radioactivity forever. It never, ever goes away," he said.

The senior Vancouver Police officer who cleared the father refused comment, referring CBC News to the department.

Sgt. Randy Fincham, media relations officer for the department, wrote to the CBC in an email, "The judge is more than entitled to have an opinion about the quality of the police investigation" and "in the event that new evidence is brought forward in any investigation, the police retain the ability to reopen, continue or advance their investigation."

Beyond that, he stated the department "is not at liberty to discuss an ongoing court process, as it may impact the final outcome of the proceedings."

Mr. Justice Walker's decision was rendered last year. The Vancouver police are not party to the current negligence lawsuit against the province.

Sgt. Fincham did not answer questions about whether the case merits a review, or what should be done about the father in the community, given the judge's finding that he sexually abused his three children.

The Minister of Children and Family Services, Stephanie Cadieux, wrote in an email it would be inappropriate for her to comment on the case, as it is before the courts, stating "the safety and well-being of children is always the Ministry's first priority."

Read the Supreme Court judgment online (CAUTION some of the content is disturbing)


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‘Scary’ number of defibrillators inaccessible to public during an emergency

They can help increase your chance of surviving a cardiac arrest by 75 per cent, but a shocking number of Canada's Automatic External Defibrillators (AEDs) may be inaccessible to the public during an emergency because they are locked away or not registered with 911 personnel.

A CBC Marketplace investigation found that the potential for AEDs to save lives may be severely hampered because there are no national guidelines as to how or where the devices are kept.

There's also no government requirement that they be registered with 911. Registering devices helps 911 dispatchers direct people to the closest AED in case of an emergency.

Watch Marketplace

Watch Marketplace's episode, Shock to the System, Friday at 8 p.m. (8:30 p.m. in Newfoundland and Labrador). Join the conversation on Twitter @cbcmarketplace #defibs

About 40,000 Canadians experience sudden cardiac arrest each year: one every 12 minutes, according to the Heart and Stroke Foundation.

Eighty-five per cent of cardiac arrests in Canada happen outside of hospitals, and having an AED close by can make all the difference. The American Heart Association warns that for every minute lost before defibrillation, the survival rate decreases by seven to 10 per cent. After 12 minutes, the survival rate plummets to less than five per cent.

When CPR and an AED are both used within five minutes of a cardiac arrest, the chance of survival rises by nearly 75 per cent, according to research published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

However, according to one study, fewer than eight per cent of Canadian patients who have a cardiac arrest in public will receive help from an AED before emergency medical personnel arrive, partly because there aren't enough devices available and accessible.

Marketplace defibrillators story

Toronto police officer Laurie McCann, right, used a difibrillator on runner Andrew Rosbrook, left, after Rosbrook collapsed during a Toronto marathon in 2013. (CBC)

"People who have cardiac arrest in public settings tend to do better," Dr. Laurie Morrison, a medical researcher who specializes in emergency medicine, told Marketplace co-host Tom Harrington. "At least somebody gets down and starts chest compressions and somebody else calls 911, and somebody else runs and get the AED.

"So having a cardiac arrest in a public place and not having an AED is a travesty," she said.

The full Marketplace report, Shock to the System, airs tonight at 8pm (8:30pm NT) on CBC Television.

Devices difficult to find

Toronto police officer Laurie McCann knows first-hand how important it is to have fast access to an AED in an emergency. She was on duty at a marathon in Toronto in 2013 when runner Andrew Rosbrook collapsed.

"I knew he wasn't breathing and we needed to do something fast," she said.

"There were no warning signs, no chest pains," said Rosbrook. "I considered myself to be a healthy person."

"The defibrillator was put on and with one shock, he was brought back," McCann said.

Both credit an easily accessible AED for saving Rosbrook's life.

The pair helped Marketplace investigate how difficult AEDs can be to find.

Marketplace sent teams to locate AEDs in three areas of Toronto known to be "hotspots" for cardiac arrests according to a study published this year in the journal Circulation.

In total, the Marketplace teams visited 52 locations including gyms, banks, offices, coffee shops and malls. The teams chose places where a bystander might run to get help in an emergency, or where there were high concentrations of people. Only half of the locations had AEDs.

Stats on defibrillators

Click on the graphic to see more on what happens after a person goes into cardiac arrest.

Security staff in many buildings did not immediately know if there was an AED on site. In buildings that did have the emergency devices, many were locked away or accessible only by building personnel, or were not registered with 911, meaning that dispatchers would be unable to direct people to them in case of an emergency.

Half of the AEDs that Marketplace teams found were not registered with 911.

"Scary, isn't it?" said Morrison. "It should be that [if you] purchase one of these devices, you couldn't put it in a building or public place without registering [the AED]," she said.

The Marketplace test is similar to defibrillator "scavenger hunts" in Seattle and Philadelphia that have helped those cities map the locations of devices. The Seattle hunt, which took place this week, offered a $10,000 US prize to the winning team, funded by the Food and Drug Administration and AED manufacturers.

No central registry

While provincial, federal and private funding is sometimes available to increase the number of AEDs in publicly accessible spaces, regulations and policies vary greatly across the country. There are no national guidelines on AEDs or central registry of devices.

Earlier this year, Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced a $10 million initiative to purchase AEDs for recreational facilities and hockey rinks across Canada, all of which will have to be registered with emergency personnel where local or provincial registries exist.

The Ontario government has committed almost $10 million to placing the devices in publicly funded sports and recreation facilities, and in schools with extensive sports programs.

Stats on defibrillators

Click on the graphic to see more on what happens after a person goes into cardiac arrest.

Manitoba passed legislation earlier this year that mandates that designated public spaces, including schools, government buildings, malls and homeless shelters, have AEDs and that all devices are registered. Manitoba is the only jurisdiction that mandates that all public places have AED devices, a law that goes into effect in January 2014.

Ontario proposed a similar law in 2010, but while it passed second reading with unanimous support, the bill died when government was prorogued in 2011.

Morrison says that registration of all devices should be mandatory across Canada. The Heart and Stroke Foundation has been pushing for the creation of a national registry.

Morrison was part of a group of researchers from University of Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital and Queen's University that looked to cardiac arrest locations to assess where AEDs should be placed.

Their study, published earlier this year, identified unregistered AEDs as a problem. "A 911 operator would not be able to direct a caller to an unregistered AED, and therefore the likelihood that it would be used in a cardiac arrest is probably low, even if it is nearby. Unregistered AEDs tend to be purchased corporately and remain under lock and key," the study reads.

The study states that in order to be effective, AEDs should be within 100 metres of the scene of a cardiac arrest, so a bystander is able to retrieve it and return within three minutes.

"The most meaningful thing out of that study for me was how little we know about the AEDs that are out there," Morrison said.


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Canada's economy grows at fastest pace in 2 years

CBC News Posted: Nov 29, 2013 9:14 AM ET Last Updated: Nov 29, 2013 9:42 AM ET

Canada's economic growth was stronger than expected in the third quarter.

Statistics Canada says the national gross domestic product grew at a 2.7 per cent annual rate, two-tenths of a point above estimates.

The pace of growth was the fastest in two years, when the economy expanded by 3.5 per cent. For comparison purposes, the U.S. economy is expanding at a 2.8 per cent annual pace.

The mining sector was a strong performer, as mining and oil and gas extraction were up 2.2 per cent in the quarter.

There were also gains in the manufacturing, retail, and wholesale trade, finance and insurance sectors. 

The loonie gained a fifth of a cent to 94.67 cents US following the release of the data.

Comments on this story are pre-moderated. Before they appear, comments are reviewed by moderators to ensure they meet our submission guidelines. Comments are open and welcome for three days after the story is published. We reserve the right to close comments before then.

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Pot-smoking Mountie can't smoke in uniform, RCMP says

Written By Unknown on Kamis, 28 November 2013 | 22.41

A Royal Canadian Mounted Police officer with a medical marijuana prescription thinks he should be able to smoke the drug while in uniform, but the RCMP says he can't smoke marijuana while in red serge or while wearing his regular working uniform.

RCMP Deputy Commissioner Gilles Moreau

RCMP Deputy Commissioner Gilles Moreau said any officer with a medical marijuana prescription can take their medication, but should not do so in while in their uniform. (CBC)

Cpl. Ronald Francis serves with J Division in New Brunswick, and received a prescription for medical-grade marijuana on Nov. 4.

'There's no policy in the RCMP that prevents me from smoking marijuana. There's no policy in the RCMP that says I cannot smoke in public. I have the right to smoke it in my red serge.'-Cpl. Ronald Francis

Francis told CBC News marijuana has helped him to calm down and reduces his PTSD symptoms. His prescription allows for three grams a day, which he estimates to be nine to 15 joints, though he said he doesn't typically smoke that much.

"I get up in the morning, have my coffee and the marijuana. I go at lunchtime, have a marijuana joint, and then again in the evening. That would be my medical regime. But that may change with my tolerance to THC. It may take two joints in the morning, I don't know," said Francis.

"I'm just building up my immunity to THC levels, if I was to smoke two I'd probably get stoned to the point that I'm just totally relaxed. I'm still functional. But your nervous system is relaxed, and that makes a big difference," he said.

RCMP Cpl. Ronald Francis

Cpl. Francis said his choice to switch to medical marijuana was a health decision. (CBC)

Francis, who is currently assigned to administrative duties, said smoking marijuana has no negative effect on his ability to be a police officer and that he intends to continue smoking on the job.

"There's no policy in the RCMP that prevents me from smoking marijuana. There's no policy in the RCMP that says I cannot smoke in public. I have the right to smoke it in my red serge."

RCMP says officers 'should not be in red serge' while smoking marijuana

But while the RCMP accepts that Francis's prescription gives him the right to consume marijuana, the force takes issue with members smoking in public or in uniform.

"Definitely a member that has been prescribed medicinal marijuana should not be in red serge taking his medication," said RCMP Deputy Commissioner Gilles Moreau. "It would not be advisable for that member, it would not portray the right message to the general public, it's definitely not something we would support or condone."

Moreau said the RCMP has a duty to accommodate members' medical needs, but also has to consider the effect on other members and on public perceptions.

"Because this is relatively new for active members of the RCMP, we are looking at the internal policies to see, how do we set it up? To say, OK, if somebody is prescribed medical marijuana and they have to take it two or three times a day and have to take it at work, where is this going to take place? If it takes place outside, it has to respect the individual but also their co-workers, and it has to respect the Canadian population at large by taking it in a respectful way."

The RCMP has the right to challenge medical treatments it considers inappropriate, and to seek a second medical opinion, Moreau said, adding that RCMP will evaluate any member who obtains a medical marijuana prescription.

If they are found to be impaired in judgment or motor skills, the RCMP will place limits on the police functions they're permitted to perform, he said.

Turned to marijuana after trying anti-depressants

Francis said he experienced stress on the job early in his career, while serving the First Nation in Davis Inlet and in his own community of Kingsclear First Nation. He began to seek treatment for mental distress eight years ago. 

At first, his doctors prescribed anti-depressants, but he did not feel any significant improvement.

"I started to self-medicate with alcohol. And I said no, this is not me. Why am I doing this? And I was going through treatment for PTSD at the time, and the RCMP did provide treatment, and I thank the RCMP for that."

But Francis began to read about alternative treatments, including marijuana, and he eventually left the doctor he was seeing at the occupational stress injury clinic. He switched to a different doctor, who gave him the marijuana prescription.

"When I explored it as a treatment for my PTSD, I had to really make a moral decision about it. Because the RCMP and law enforcement, they seem so anti-marijuana, and that's a hard thing to overcome, so I had to make that decision for my own health. It wasn't based on my career or anything.

"It was for my own health. In doing that I realized that I have to come first. The organization doesn't come first, Ron Francis comes first. For my own health. And I'm glad I did that," he said.

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Should a medicated RCMP officer be able to smoke medical marijuana while in uniform?


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New Snowden docs show Canada let U.S. spy at G20

Top secret documents retrieved by U.S. whistleblower Edward Snowden show that Prime Minister Stephen Harper's government allowed the largest American spy agency to conduct widespread surveillance in Canada during the 2010 G8 and G20 summits.

The documents are being reported exclusively by CBC News.

The briefing notes, stamped "Top Secret," show the U.S. turned its Ottawa embassy into a security command post during a six-day spying operation by the National Security Agency while U.S. President Barack Obama and 25 other foreign heads of government were on Canadian soil in June of 2010.

The covert U.S. operation was no secret to Canadian authorities.

An NSA briefing note describes the American agency's operational plans at the Toronto summit meeting and notes they were "closely co-ordinated with the Canadian partner."

The NSA and its Canadian "partner," the Communications Security Establishment Canada, gather foreign intelligence for their respective governments by covertly intercepting phone calls and hacking into computer systems around the world.

The secret documents do not reveal the precise targets of so much espionage by the NSA — and possibly its Canadian partner — during the Toronto summit.

But both the U.S. and Canadian intelligence agencies have been implicated with their British counterpart in hacking the phone calls and emails of foreign politicians and diplomats attending the G20 summit in London in 2009 — a scant few months before the Toronto gathering of the same world leaders.

hi-snowden-blog

Secret documents released by U.S. whistleblower Edward Snowden have provided new insight about the level of U.S. and Canadian spying on allies and foreign diplomats. (The Guardian/Associated Press)

Notably, the secret NSA briefing document describes part of the U.S. eavesdropping agency's mandate at the Toronto summit as "providing support to policymakers."

Documents previously released by Snowden, a former NSA contractor who has sought and received asylum in Russia, suggested that support at other international gatherings included spying on the foreign delegations to get an unfair advantage in any negotiations or policy debates at the summit.

It was those documents that first exposed the spying on world leaders at the London summit.

More recently, Snowden's trove of classified information revealed Canada's eavesdropping agency had hacked into phones and computers in the Brazilian government's department of mines, a story that touched off a political firestorm both in that country and in Ottawa.

The documents have rocked political capitals around the world. NSA spies on everyone from leaders of U.S. allies to millions of Americans. Personal information has been scooped up by the agency's penetration of major internet and phone companies.

Economic and political espionage

The spying at the Toronto summit in 2010 fits a pattern of economic and political espionage by the powerful U.S. intelligence agency and its partners such as Canada.

That espionage was conducted to secure meeting sites and protect leaders against terrorist threats posed by al-Qaeda but also to forward the policy goals of the United States and Canada.

The G20 summit in Toronto had a lot on its agenda that would have been of acute interest to the NSA and Canada.

The world was still struggling to climb out of the great recession of 2008. Leaders were debating a wide array of possible measures including a global tax on banks, an idea strongly opposed by both the U.S. and Canadian governments. That notion was eventually scotched.

The secret NSA documents list all the main agenda items for the G20 in Toronto — international development, banking reform, countering trade protectionism, and so on — with the U.S. snooping agency promising to support "U.S. policy goals."

Whatever the intelligence goals of the NSA during the Toronto summit, international security experts question whether the NSA spying operation at the G20 in Toronto was even legal.

"If CSEC tasked NSA to conduct spying activities on Canadians within Canada that CSEC itself was not authorized to take, then I am comfortable saying that would be an unlawful undertaking by CSEC," says Craig Forcese, an expert in national security at University of Ottawa's faculty of law.

By law, CSEC cannot target anyone in Canada without a warrant, including world leaders and foreign diplomats at a G20 summit.

But, the Canadian eavesdropping agency is also prohibited by international agreement from getting the NSA to do the spying or anything that would be illegal for CSEC.

Canada's 'Five Eyes' partners

The NSA isn't Canada's only partner in the covert surveillance business.

They are part of a multinational partnership that includes sister organizations in the U.K., Australia and New Zealand — the so-called "Five Eyes."

CSEC has roughly 2,000 employees and an annual budget of about $450 million. It will soon move into a new Ottawa headquarters costing taxpayers more than $1.2 billion, the most expensive federal government building ever constructed.

By comparison, the NSA is the largest intelligence agency in the U.S., with a budget of over $40 billion and employing about 40,000 people. It is currently building what is believed to be one of the largest and most powerful computers in the world.

CSEC is comparatively much smaller but has become a formidable and sophisticated surveillance outlet. Canadian eavesdroppers are also integral to the Five Eyes partnership around the world.

The documents obtained by the CBC do not indicate what, if any, role CSEC played in spying at the G20 in Toronto.

But the briefing notes make it clear that the agency's co-operation would be absolutely vital to ensuring access to the telecommunications systems that would have been used by espionage targets during the summits.

G20 Report

A protester jumps on a burnt-out car as a police car burns in the background during an anti-G20 demonstration June 26, 2010 in Toronto. Top secret NSA briefing notes predicted vandalism by "issue-based extremists" was a more likely threat than al-Qaeda-type terrorists during the event. (Ryan Remiorz/Canadian Press)

Much of the secret G20 document is devoted to security details at the summit, although it notes: "The intelligence community assesses there is no specific, credible information that al-Qa'ida or other Islamic extremists are targeting" the event.

No matter. The NSA warns the more likely security threat would come from "issue-based extremists" conducting acts of vandalism.

They got that right.

Protest marches by about 10,000 turned the Toronto G20 into an historic melee of arrests by more than 20,000 police in what would become one of the largest and most expensive security operations in Canadian history.

By the time the tear gas had cleared and the investigations were complete, law enforcement agencies stood accused of mass-violations of civil rights.

Add to that dubious legacy illegal spying by an American intelligence agency with the blessing of the Canadian government.

CBC contacted the Canadian and U.S. governments for comment, and answers to specific questions.

U.S. State Department officials would not comment directly on the spying issue. Instead they pointed to the fact President Obama has ordered a review of all NSA operations in the wake of the Snowden revelations.

In Canada, officials at CSEC offered no comment .


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Child athlete injured in Whistler luging accident

A young athlete was taken to hospital last night following an accident on the luge track in Whistler, B.C., but the extent of the child's injuries remain unclear.

​Patricia Leslie, a director with Whistler Athletes' Centre, said a young athlete taking part in a regular training run with the B.C. Luge Association was injured sometime between 6 p.m. and 7 p.m. PT Wednesday.

The accident occurred on the same luge track that was the scene of a deadly accident involving Georgian luger Nodar Kumaritashvili. He flew off the track and into a structural post during a training run just before the opening of the 2010 Olympics. Some experts blamed the design of the track for the incident.

Leslie said it was her understanding that the young athlete injured Wednesday, and who was responsive, was not in critical condition.

Chris Dornan, spokesman with the Canadian Luge Association, also said just before 9 p.m. PT that the injured luger was in stable condition.

"The athlete is in stable condition, and being taken to Squamish hospital," he told CBC News.

But those reports appear to conflict with the initial report from the B.C. Ambulance Service that it was caring for one patient in critical condition, and a second report issued after 9 p.m. that a patient in critical was being transported from the sliding centre to Children's Hospital in Vancouver.

Dornan said the injured luger is a novice-level athlete with B.C. Luge, which means he or she would be under age 13. He called the injury "an unfortunate incident."

"The reality is that crashes happen on tracks around the world. That is the reality of the sport." Dornan said. "Our priority [now] is the athlete's health."

Leslie says the young luger injured on Wednesday was on a lower section of the track travelling at low speeds through a corner near the end of the run when the child crashed.

Dornan said the starting position for the novice lugers would be between corners 12 and 13 on the run, and that the crash happened at corner 14.

Leslie said her organization would be investigating Wednesday's incident "to understand why is happened and how to make it better.

"These kinds of accidents are quite common for athletes learning to luge," she said. "I know that the sliding association takes it very seriously and so does the Whistler Sliding Centre because, of course, our No. 1 priority is safety."


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Power slowly restored across Nova Scotia after storm

Nova Scotia Power crews continue to make progress in restoring electricity to thousands of customers after a wind and rain storm pummelled the Maritimes overnight.

As of 11 a.m. AT Thursday, there were about 14,000 customers still in the dark, down from a peak of more than 42,000.

The utility said most restoration estimates are planned for Thursday afternoon.

"Anytime you have wind storms like this after the storm passes there can still be subsequent damage because trees that have been weakened by the storm can fall. Equipment that has been weakened by the storm can fail," said Nova Scotia Power spokesman David Rodenhiser.

The problems are now mainly in the Bedford area of Halifax, Pictou County, Truro, Parrsboro and Windsor, and in Cape Breton.

There are still winds gusting at more than 100 km/h in both Eskasoni and Grand Etang in Cape Breton. Parts of southwestern Nova Scotia recorded wind gusts of up to 120 km/h overnight.

Next door, more than 5,200 N.B. Power customers were without electricity Thursday morning, victims of a wind and rain storm that blew through the province on Wednesday.

Service has been restored to about 1,800 customers since the early morning.

Downed Tree

A tree that blew down and blocked Willow Street in Halifax overnight has been chopped up by work crews and now litters the boulevard. (Craig Paisley/CBC)

Most of those affected were in southern New Brunswick. In St. Stephen, 2,071 customers were without power at 6 a.m. In Rothesay, 1,804 were in the dark.

About 800 customers were without power on P.E.I. for about an hour, but it has since been restored. 

All classes at the Marconi campus of the Nova Scotia Community College are cancelled and six schools in the Annapolis Valley are closed because of the outage.

The Halifax Regional School Board has also cancelled classes at a handful of schools. 

Around midnight, the RCMP in Halifax asked drivers to stay off the road.

Some flight delays and cancellations were also reported at the province's airports, particularly involving flights to and from Halifax on Thursday morning. People are being urged to check in advance of scheduled arrivals and departures.

Bay Ferries has cancelled its crossing between Saint John and Digby. Northumberland Ferries will not sail between Caribou, N.S., and P.E.I.  Marine Atlantic has cancelled its morning crossings from North Sydney, N.S., and Port Aux Basques, N.L. 

The Confederation Bridge has restricted certain classes of vehicles from crossing until the winds die down.


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Shipyard workers walk off job alleging bullying by management

Updated

Irving Shipyard employees in Halifax upset about worker's death

CBC News Posted: Nov 28, 2013 9:40 AM AT Last Updated: Nov 28, 2013 11:23 AM AT

Around 300 shipyard workers in Halifax walked off the job this morning, complaining of bullying from management. 

The workers left the Irving Shipyard just before 9 a.m. AT on Thursday and made their way down Barrington Street in downtown Halifax, blocking traffic in both directions.

They told CBC News they're upset by the death of a co-worker and they blame bullying by management at the yard.

Protesters said the dead worker, who had about 30 years of experience, was suspended for complaining about scaffolding safety.

Flags at the yard are flying at half-mast. 

The workers said they had permission to walk off the job and plan to march to the Nova Scotia legislature, which opens Thursday for the fall session.

Comments on this story are pre-moderated. Before they appear, comments are reviewed by moderators to ensure they meet our submission guidelines. Comments are open and welcome for three days after the story is published. We reserve the right to close comments before then.

Submission Policy

Note: The CBC does not necessarily endorse any of the views posted. By submitting your comments, you acknowledge that CBC has the right to reproduce, broadcast and publicize those comments or any part thereof in any manner whatsoever. Please note that comments are moderated and published according to our submission guidelines.


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GMO salmon criticisms 'don't merit comment,' exec says

Written By Unknown on Rabu, 27 November 2013 | 22.40

The CEO of an American company producing genetically modified salmon eggs in eastern Prince Edward Island is brushing off criticism from anti-GMO groups.

AquaBounty announced this week it had received approval from Environment Canada to produce the eggs on a commercial scale. It had been operating as a research facility.

Critics have complained the Canadian government's approval of its hatchery in Bay Fortune, P.E.I., was done in secret without public consultation.

CEO Ron Stotish doesn't understand why risk assessments in the U.S. and Canada haven't convinced critics the fast-growing salmon can be produced safely.

pe-hi-aquabounty-fish

AquaBounty's genetically modified fish grow twice as quickly as regular salmon. (AquaBounty)

"I think there's a simple choice here. Are you going to believe the professionals, the skilled scientists, or the people that are constantly beating the drum that there is some sort of conspiracy between the government and industry to somehow damage the environment?" asked Stotish.

"I think frankly their accusations don't merit comment."

Stotish said the P.E.I. hatchery won't scale up to commercial production unless AquaBounty gets approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to sell its salmon there.

The salmon produced by AquaBounty grow at twice the rate of regular salmon, making them an attractive option for rearing in salmon farms. Commercial production for the company would see ship the eggs from P.E.I. to Panama to be grown into adults and harvested there.

Stotish said having Canada's approval moves the company one step closer, adding this decision came after a rigorous review.

"We are perhaps the most scrutinized facility in the history of fisheries. It's not just one or two visits for the purpose of this review," he said.

"We're visited on a continuing basis, and it's probably a dozen times a year between DFO, Environment Canada and other agencies. They examine all our procedures, they examine all of our records, they've examined the facility. And in fact, I think we may have set the standard for inspections of facilities of this type."

The latest review included a DFO risk assessment that found, with reasonable certainty, that operations at the hatchery pose a low risk to the P.E.I. environment.

The same report does note, however, that if procedures or activities change, and fish escape, that could pose a high hazard to the environment. Given that, any significant new developments at the hatchery would require another Environment Canada review.


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Cyberbullying bill needs 'better understanding' of young people

Justice Minister Peter MacKay has called Bill C-13, the anti-cyberbullying legislation he introduced last week, a key tool in "ensuring that our children are safe from online predators and from online exploitation."

Although child psychologists and youth activists support increased attention to this issue, they say C-13 is unlikely to stop cyberbullying.

They feel the bill follows a narrow definition of cyberbullying and doesn't address the underlying misogyny and homophobia that inspires so much online teasing.

"I would hate for the public to be misled into thinking that this is what will deal with cyberbullying, because I think it's [only] a partial approach," says Jane Bailey, a law professor at the University of Ottawa.

'I would hate for the public to be misled into thinking that this is what will deal with cyberbullying'- Jane Bailey, law professor, University of Ottawa

Bill C-13, also known as the Protecting Canadians from Online Crime Act, is largely seen as a legislative response to the deaths of Canadian teens such as Rehtaeh Parsons and Amanda Todd, who endured years of torment online.

Under C-13, anyone who posts or distributes an "intimate image" of another person without their consent would face up to five years in prison.

According to the wording of the bill, an "intimate image" is one that "depicts a person engaged in explicit sexual activity or that depicts a sexual organ, anal region or breast."

Shifting definitions of cyberbullying

The legislation would give police enhanced powers to investigate incidents, including the ability to seize — with a court order — computers, phones and other devices used in an alleged offence.

The bill would also give law enforcement easier access to metadata, the coded information contained in every phone call or email, which has raised concerns among civil liberties groups that C-13 is giving police greater surveillance powers.

Andrea Slane, a law professor at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology, says these new measures will help police investigate "reports of a person extorting a young person for sexual images or threatening to expose them."

The perpetrators of these sorts of offences usually do so anonymously, but Slane says this type of behaviour doesn't really describe cyberbullying, which is more about taunting than coercion, and is very much in the open online.

"When it comes to the social fallout that Amanda Todd and Rehtaeh Parsons suffered from their peers, most of the time, they knew who those people were," says Slane.

'Environment of vulnerability'

Bailey says C-13 would be more effective if the government had sought greater input from youngsters themselves.

She says that in its fact-gathering stage, the standing Senate committee on human rights "actually brought in kids to talk to them about what they thought was needed to protect them [online]."

hi-ns-rehtaeh-leah-parsons

The death of Halifax teen Rehtaeh Parsons, seen here with her mother, Leah, was one of the things that prompted the government to table anti-cyberbullying legislation.

The bottom line, Bailey says, is that the people most affected by the problem of cyberbullying need to inform the solution.

"We really need to consult the kids more often," she says.

According to the Department of Justice, the measures in Bill C-13 were based on the findings of the Cybercrime Working Group. The ministry has not specified what individuals or organizations make up this group.

The legislation was also partially informed by a Senate standing committee report on human rights released late last year.

Entitled Cyberbullying Hurts: Respect for Rights on the Digital Age, the report called on Canada to meet its obligations under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which means taking steps to protect young people from all forms of physical and mental violence.

Understanding teens

The problem with the bill, says Bailey, is that it focuses on criminal and punitive measures instead of the attitudes and actions of cyberbullies themselves.

"We need to have proactive strategies that get at the underlying prejudices that contribute to an environment of vulnerability" to bullying, says Bailey.

Shaheen Shariff, a law professor at McGill University and director of the cyberbullying research project Define the Line, says that legislators also need to have a better understanding of how people, and especially teenagers, view and use social media sites such as Facebook.

As well, she says that not all sexually suggestive images are posted without consent or with malicious intent. Shariff says there also needs to be an acknowledgement that sexually provocative language that can seem derogatory and hurtful is often used affectionately between friends, or in hopes of gaining admiration from peers.

"A lot of time [young people] are just going to be part of a peer group and entertain each other and test the social boundaries and their sexuality," says Shariff.

Legislators need to have "a better understanding of how young people are thinking these days," says Shariff. "This has become simply part of their communication, especially when they're teenagers."


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Ex-PM's multimillion-dollar estate embroiled in court fight

For years, the fortune of a former prime minister was quietly mired in a hefty court battle pitting members of a prominent Canadian family against a big bank, Bay Street law firms and each other, CBC News has learned.

The fight over the financial legacy of Arthur Meighen, who served as prime minister in 1920-21 and 1926, grew to embroil 15 parties, two dozen lawyers and thousands of pages of records.

There were claims that a plaintiff attacked his own father in a bathroom, and legal bills in the millions of dollars. 

As the spat unfurled, it roped in entities as diverse as Canada Trust, the former law firm Ogilvy Renault, offshore companies in the Caribbean and a senator.

But despite the big names and historic appeal, from its start in 2008 until it was discreetly settled three years later, the entire legal saga was kept out of the public eye — until now. 

'Significant manipulations' alleged

One of the principal players in the drama was Toronto tax lawyer James Barton Love, whose connections in Ottawa have seen him appointed in recent years as chair of the Royal Canadian Mint and a consultant to Finance Minister Jim Flaherty.

Former prime minister Arthur Meighen

Arthur Meighen left millions of dollars to his descendants. (City of Toronto archives)

Well before that, though, Love befriended and became an adviser to several members of the Meighen family, including patriarch Donald Wright, a composer, philanthropist and Order of Canada recipient.

"I knew of his great friendship with my cousin Patrick Wright, who died prematurely, and of the great esteem with which he was held by my uncle Donald Wright," said Arthur Meighen's grandson Michael Meighen, who was still a Conservative senator while the lawsuit was unfolding.

Wright consulted Love on investments, hired his law firm for legal work and made him a director of a number of holding companies within the $20-million-plus heritage known as the Arthur Meighen Trust, court documents show.

Short-lived PM

Arthur Meighen, born in Ontario in 1874 and initially trained as a mathematician, took up law in Manitoba in the early 1900s and was elected to the House of Commons as a Conservative MP in 1908. He went on to serve in Prime Minister Robert Borden's wartime cabinet, and then became prime minister himself when Borden retired in 1920.

Meighen lost the 1921 election to Mackenzie King's Liberals but won a minority in the 1925 vote, though King would stay in power for eight more months with the backing of a third party. The King-Byng affair in June 1926 brought Meighen back to power, but for less than three months before he lost another election.

Meighen resigned as Tory leader and went on to serve in the Senate, and then briefly as party leader again from 1941 to 1942. Following the Second World War, he amassed his wealth from investment funds he had set up.

But some of Meighen's heirs — Wright's granddaughters Tara and Alyssa — would eventually claim Love abused his powers, alleging he worked with Wright to retool the Meighen Trust, effectively cut them off from their inheritance, and depleted the family's money through administrative and legal fees.

"It is clear from my grandfather's records that Love was the chief architect of all of the significant manipulations of the trust from the 1980s onwards," Alyssa Wright says in a sworn statement filed in court.

Alyssa Wright and her sister stood to inherit about $3 million each when they turned 35. But as that day came and went for each of them, they claimed, neither Love nor Legacy Private Trust (LPT), the trust company he runs that had a role managing the Meighen fortune, was forthcoming about the money or how it was kept.

"My requests for information from Love and LPT have been met with significant delays and claims from Love that he is too busy to answer my questions, or alarmingly, that he does not consider that he owes any duty to me to provide the requested information," Tarah Wright said in an affidavit as part of the lawsuit.

Around that time, Love had been appointed to the board of the Mint and then to a panel advising the federal finance minister on tax issues. "Part of the difficulty with scheduling a time when we might get together," he wrote to Tarah Wright, "relates to my very busy travel schedule."

The Wright sisters weren't satisfied and sued — for $15 million — alleging Love and Canada Trust, which had also had a hand in managing the Meighen millions, breached their fiduciary duties and acted negligently. None of the allegations was ever tested in court, and Love and Canada Trust emphatically denied any wrongdoing.

Offshore tax shelter

Among the lawsuit's grievances: that Love and Canada Trust had participated in moving $8 million of their great-grandfather's legacy into offshore havens to try to avoid Canadian tax. The Wrights said they "lost capital and income" as a result, but were also exposed to "taxes, interest and penalties" due to the transaction.

In court records, Love acknowledges he played a role in the offshore arrangement, but says that it was limited, and that ultimately the Meighen family enjoyed "significant savings of Canadian tax."

Just as scathing is the Wrights' allegation that Love drained a chunk of their family's wealth through the fees his trust company and law firm charged to the Arthur Meighen Trust and to their grandfather's estate.

Donald J.A. Wright

Composer and philanthropist Donald Wright, who received the Order of Canada in 2001, was the former PM's son-in-law and co-managed the Arthur Meighen Trust for many years. (CBC)

Records filed in court show Legacy Private Trust, Love and his law firm have made at least $1 million from their roles advising the Meighen family and administering its money.

Some of that came from two side trusts set up for Alyssa and Tarah Wright. Each account had just over $70,000 in it in the early 1990s, the court records show, but by the time they were wound up in 2008, Love's law firm had absorbed nearly $57,500 of that in fees.

An accountant's report submitted to court shows that, starting in about 2002, the law firm would bill on average hundreds of dollars a month to each trust — far more than the trusts were making in investment income.

Alyssa Wright said in a sworn statement that she "asked Love directly" how so much of the funds could have been eaten up by expenses, but "Love was unable to provide an answer."

Love countered in an affidavit that the fee arrangements were agreed to by the women's aunt, who was overseeing the money and who "approved each account …. and signed each trust cheque in payment of the accounts."

The aunt, for her part, said that she naively signed the fee agreements "without having any idea what usual fees" are.

And she, too, worried about the amounts of Meighen family money that were going to administrative and legal fees, particularly in the case of the offshore transaction.

"Trusts and corporations offshore over which I have no control … have been depleted by poor investments, fees, disbursements and claims for compensation which are outrageous," the aunt, Priscilla Wright, affirmed.

Love, however, said the fees his company was charging were "considerably lower than what other trust companies would charge and recognizes the longstanding relationship between Legacy and the Wright family," according to an email he wrote that was filed in court.

$8.9M settlement

The lawsuit also recounts a meeting in mid-January 2006 between Love and Alyssa Wright, just days before the Conservatives would triumph in that year's federal election.

Wright said she asked about bringing her share of the offshore Meighen money back to Canada. Love, who would later be appointed as an adviser to Finance Minister Flaherty on international taxation, "gave me a vague answer to the effect that this would depend on the results of the upcoming Canadian election [and] anticipated changes to the tax laws," Wright's sworn statement says.

The lawsuit was finally settled in 2011, with Canada Trust, Love, his current and former law firms and his trust company on the hook for a total of $8.9 million, though none of them admitted any fault.

It's not clear how much of that, if anything, each defendant had to pay, or whether their insurers are footing the bill. Besides Michael Meighen, none of the parties would talk due to their promise of confidentiality.

One thing that is clear, though, is that Love and the Meighen estate are parting ways. The settlement calls for him and his firms to relinquish their positions within the array of Meighen family companies, foundations and investments.


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Xbox One lease-to-own option multiplies cost of hot gift

A St. John's credit counselling service is advising shoppers to buy rather than lease the Xbox One, one of the hottest gifts this Christmas season. 

Microsoft's Xbox One gaming console retails for a cool $499, plus tax. The product sold more than than one million units on its opening day of sale earlier this week. 

antle-2013-11-26

Al Antle, of Credit Counselling Services of Newfoundland and Labrador, says it's buyer beware when it comes to high interest rates. (CBC)

But that price a relative steal compared to what you'd pay if you chose the lease option from businesses such as Easyhome.

The company is offering the new video game system for $19 a week for two years, or $76 a month.

But with an interest rate of 29.9 per cent, the consumer would end up paying close to $2,000 over that time, assuming it's not paid off earlier. 

No one from Easyhome returned CBC's calls for comment.

Most stores in the St. John's area sold out of the Xbox One within days of its release last week, leaving desperate parents and gaming gurus with nowhere else to turn.

Al Antle, executive director of Credit Counselling Services of Newfoundland and Labrador, worries some were lured by what appears to be the cheaper lease option.

"When it comes to our children, we are driven and obsessed and consumed to make sure that our kid has the best possible experience that we can bring about, irrespective of the cost," Antle said.

"If you have it for two years, you're probably going to spend upwards of $2,000 dollars in payments to get this thing — for want of a better word — at a hawk in a two-year period," he told CBC News. 

"This 29.9 per cent is signficant. It truly is. Particularly when the prime rate is 2.5."

Antle said it's the classic case of buyer-beware, since there's nothing illegal about the lease option or rate.


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Snowstorm slams Eastern Canada

Eastern Canada is getting hit with its first big snowstorm of the year, a system that is expected to bring as much as 25 centimetres of snow to parts of Quebec and and eastern Ontario.

Accidents that have caused injuries have already been reported.

Across most of southern and eastern Ontario, the system has dumped the season's first load of heavy, wet snow, with more expected through western Quebec.

As of 8 a.m. ET, 24 centimetres were recorded in the Ottawa area, much of the snow falling overnight. It should taper off by midday.

show quebec

Slick road conditions are blamed for this accident on a Gatineau highway, involving a Brinks armoured truck. (CBC)

"In Montreal, 12 centimetres of snow was reported at Trudeau International Airport, but it'll switching over to rain for a combination of rain and wet snow," said CBC meteorologist Jay Scotland.

"There is the risk of freezing rain through the Eastern Townships," he said.

"Areas north and east of the St. Lawrence are seeing this as a snow event, with 15 to 25, upwards of 30 centimetres of snow possible, including what fell last night."

Snow and slush are making for dangerous driving conditions. In western Quebec, an armoured Brinks truck overturned early Wednesday on a Gatineau expressway, sending one person to hospital and injuring two others. Elsewhere, a car slid into the Gatineau River, sending a woman to hospital with hypothermia.

ottawa snow storm

Leigh-Anne King emailed this photo of her family shovelling the 20 centimetres of snow that fell before 7 a.m. ET Wednesday in Ottawa. (Courtesy Leigh-Anne King)

All buses assigned by Eastern Ontario schools boards have been cancelled.

Farther to the east, Environment Canada says wind gusts of up to 100 km/h are in the forecast Wednesday for parts of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and western Newfoundland.

In New Brunswick, a mixture of light snow and freezing rain in the early morning hours closed schools in the Fredericton and Oromocto areas.

The same storm system moving across Eastern Canada is also south of the border, a day before the American Thanksgiving Day holiday. About 40 million people are on the move for one of the busiest travel days in the U.S. Most of them are on the road, but an estimated three million move through airports to visit relatives.

The CBC's Meagan Fitzpatrick, reporting from Reagan International Airport in Washington, said the runways there are "really slick."

"It has been raining non-stop since 9 p.m. Tuesday and the rain is to continue all day on Wednesday.

"High winds are expected and could also present problems in the northeast part of the country," said said, adding that cancellations and delays at Reagan International are affecting arrivals more than departures.

The affected flights include an Air Canada flight from Ottawa that has been cancelled.


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Olivia Wise, teen YouTube star, dies after cancer fight

Written By Unknown on Selasa, 26 November 2013 | 22.40

The Toronto teenager who stole Katy Perry's heart with her YouTube version of the American singer's Roar to raise awareness of brain cancer has died following her battle with the disease. 

Olivia Wise, 16, died Monday, according to a statement from her family. 

Earlier this fall, Wise released on YouTube and iTunes a cover version of Perry's song, with all proceeds going to the Liv Wise Fund supporting children with brain tumours. 

The video has been viewed over one million times, contributing to some $85,000 for the fund. It is working towards a goal of $150,000. 

Wise's recording prompted a thumbs-up from Perry herself, who commended the teen's performance and efforts in a brief video statement. 

"I was very moved and you sounded great," said Perry. 

The singer noted Wise's passing early Tuesday morning. 

"I can hear you singing with the angels now," she said via Twitter. 


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Tories, Liberals hold 2 seats each in federal byelections

The Liberals and Conservatives each won two of the four federal byelections Monday night, a result that maintains the electoral status quo but may be seen as a partial victory for Justin Trudeau's party — which nearly pulled off an upset in a Manitoba Conservative stronghold. 

The Manitoba riding of Brandon-Souris had been too close to call all night. At one point, Liberal candidate Rolf Dinsdale had taken a slight lead, but Tory candidate Larry Maguire, a prominent provincial MLA, was able to claim victory, winning by just under 400 votes. Maguire secured 44.1 per cent of the votes compared to the Liberal candidate's 42.7 per cent.

"Thank you Brandon-Souris! Your support tonight is truly appreciated," Maguire tweeted shortly after his victory.

The Liberals did hold on to Toronto Centre, where Chrystia Freeland defeated NDP candidate Linda McQuaig. They also retained Montreal's Bourassa riding, where Liberal candidate Emmanuel Dubourg claimed victory.

"The NDP is no longer the hopeful optimistic party of Jack Layton," Liberal Leader Justin Trudeau said in Montreal. "It is the Liberal Party tonight that proved that hope is stronger than fear."

'The NDP is no longer the hopeful optimistic party of Jack Layton.'- Liberal Leader Justin Trudeau

The race in Toronto Centre had shaped up into a contest between two journalists; Freeland, a former Reuters executive and author, and McQuaig, an author and former Toronto Star columnist​. Freeland won over McQuiag by a substantial margin — 49.1 per cent to 36.4 per cent.

In the Liberal stronghold of Bourassa, Dubourg, who won 48.1 per cent of the vote, will be replacing former Liberal MP Denis Coderre, who stepped down to run for municipal office and is the city's newly elected mayor. 

Stéphane Moraille, a former singer in the musical group Bran Van 3000, the candidate for the NDP, came in second with 31.4 per cent.

Dubourg's first post-election tweet reaffirmed his agreement with his party's stance on marijuana legalization.

"I am for regulation and therefore the legalization of marijuana," he wrote.

Conservative candidate Ted Falk claimed victory in the riding of Provencher in Manitoba.

Falk recorded a big victory, winning 58.1 per cent of the vote compared to Liberal candidate Terry Hayward who trailed with 29.9 per cent support.

The longtime Tory stronghold was most recently represented by former cabinet minister Vic Toews, who retired from politics in July after almost 13 years as the area's MP.

Of the four contests, the byelection in Brandon-Souris had become a priority for the party leaders as the normally Conservative stronghold was seen to be vulnerable, in part because the nomination process for Maguire rankled some Tories.

Ted Falk victory speech

Conservative Ted Falk delivers his victory speech at the legion in Steinbach, Man., on Monday night. (Chris Glover/CBC)

Trudeau had personally visited the riding three times, NDP Leader Tom Mulcair had visited twice and several federal Conservative cabinet ministers have made the trek to the riding.

Prime Minister Stephen Harper, who has for weeks fended off opposition attacks about the Senate spending scandal, took the unprecedented step of sending a personal letter to Brandon constituents — an indicator of what's at stake in this riding.

Since Trudeau was chosen as the federal Liberal leader last spring, the party has risen from third place in the polls, back into first place, with the Conservatives slightly behind. The NDP has sunk back to its traditional third-place slot.


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Cleanup attempt on Wright-Duffy deal raises more questions

The prime minister's director of communications hit the talk-show circuit this weekend to explain Stephen Harper's handling of the Wright-Duffy affair, but may have raised more questions about how much Harper knew and what he did with that knowledge.

In question period Monday in the House of Commons, Opposition Leader Tom Mulcair pounced on the fact that Jason MacDonald referred to "the coverup that we now know took place" when he spoke to media interviewers about the repayment of Senator Mike Duffy's inappropriate expenses.

Why has the prime minister not dismissed everyone in his office involved in the coverup, demanded Mulcair.

Speaking for the prime minister, who was not in the House, Harper's parliamentary secretary Paul Calandra pointed out, as he did several times during question period, that only Nigel Wright, the prime minister's former chief of staff, and Duffy are the focus of the RCMP investigation of the repayment of Duffy's expenses.

Both Wright and Duffy are being scrutinized by the RCMP for possible criminal charges because Wright personally paid Duffy's expenses in exchange for certain conditions demanded by Duffy.

Jason MacDonald talked to CTV, Global and CBC Radio's The House on Saturday and Sunday about an email exchange detailed in documents the RCMP released to an Ottawa court last week.

The emails seem to relate to an early attempt by Wright to arrange for the Conservative Party to repay $32,000 of Senator Mike Duffy's inappropriate expenses as well as his legal fees.

In an email dated Feb. 22, Wright contacted Benjamin Perrin, Harper's legal counsel, as well as others in the PMO, and referred to "point three" in a legal agreement that had been worked out between Duffy and the Prime Minister's Office. Wright, as chief of staff, was the head of the PMO.

Keeping Duffy 'whole'

"Point three" was a demand of Duffy's, communicated through his lawyer, that "there be an arrangement to keep him [Duffy] whole on the repayment. His legal fees will also be reimbursed." Keeping Duffy "whole" is thought to mean he wouldn't be personally out of pocket over the reimbursement of his expenses.

In the same email, Wright said, "I do want to speak to the PM before everything is considered final." The RCMP documents relate that less than an hour later, Wright followed up with another email, saying, "We are good to go with the PM."

Once it became known that Duffy's ill-claimed expenses were actually $90,000, the Conservative Party backed out, and Wright stepped in to cover the debt out of his own resources.

MacDonald told several interviewers over the weekend, that "good to go" meant the prime minister was merely agreeing Duffy must pay his own expenses. Asked why the prime minister would need to approve such an obvious question, MacDonald explained it was because Duffy didn't want to co-operate, and Harper's word was necessary to compel him to pay up.

Senator Gerstein's role

MacDonald was also asked if the prime minister knew Senator Irving Gerstein, the Conservative Party's official fundraiser, approached the private accounting firm Deloitte to (unsuccessfully) persuade the auditors to halt their examination of Duffy's expenses.

MacDonald said the prime minister had no knowledge of Gerstein's intervention and also didn't know Gerstein was willing to have the Conservative Party repay Duffy's expenses as long as the amount was $32,000 and no more.

Harper has confirmed the party paid Duffy's $13,000 lawyer's bill, but has never explained what the legal work was for.

When MacDonald was asked why Gerstein still holds the position of party fundraiser, he didn't directly answer. In the House of Commons Monday, Mulcair also asked why Gerstein has not been evicted from the Conservative caucus.

To many of the questions, Calandra kept referring to an incident 17 years ago when Mulcair, then a provincial Liberal MNA in Quebec, was offered a possible bribe by the then mayor of Laval who is now facing charges. Mulcair has said he didn't know what the envelope was, and didn't report it to the police until 2011.

At one point, Calandra intoned "the poor NDP" who had to choose a leader whom he described as a "corrupt Liberal."

The NDP at times heckled Calandra with cries of "coverup, coverup, criminal activity."

Calandra did not provide an explanation why other people in the PMO, other than Wright, have not also been dismissed, given the RCMP documents make it clear they knew of the deal to have Wright pay off Duffy.   


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Auditor general raises concerns about food safety, border security

Canada's Auditor General has raised red flags around food safety, border security, emergency plans on First Nations reserves and rail safety in his annual fall report tabled on Tuesday.

Michael Ferguson found that the Canadian Food Inspection Agency did recall unsafe food products in a timely fashion, but the recall system fell apart once a major food recall was announced.

"While illnesses were contained in the recalls we examined, I am not confident that the system will always yield
similar results," Ferguson said in his fall report.

The CFIA did not adequately manage the food recall system between 2010 and 2012 said Ferguson, who found that the agency did not have the documentation necessary to determine whether recalled food products had been disposed of, nor did it have the information necessary to identify and correct the cause of the recall in a timely way.

While registered meat establishments are required to maintain product distribution records to quickly help locate products during a food safety investigation, the audit report found many examples of incomplete documentation.

In two large meat recalls in 2012, the auditor general found that timely access to records was a challenge.

The XL Foods investigation was delayed because the firm was slow in providing the CFIA with distribution records, which the agency said were given to them in an unusable format. The investigators spent several days going through the paper work before it could be used.

Similarly, during the recall by New Food Classics in March 2012 also involved delays in obtaining distribution records, the audit report found.

Another major concern identified by the auditor general in his fall report had to do with illegal entries into Canada.

People who pose a risk to the safety and security of Canadians have succeeded  in entering the country illegally,
the auditor general found.

"I am very concerned that our audit found too many examples of controls not working," Ferguson said.

The Canada Border Services Agency does not always receive the information it needs from air carriers in order
to efficiently target high-risk passengers, the audit report found. And, it said, the RCMP often lacks the information necessary to monitor the success of its border enforcement activities.

The auditor general also found:

  • "Significant weaknesses" in Transport Canada's oversight of rail safety, which completed only one in four of its planned audits of federal railways over a three year period.

  • The federal government will need to keep an eye on costs for its national shipbuilding procurement strategy to ensure Canada gets the ships and capabilities it needs to protect nationals interests and sovereignty.

  • Responsibility for emergency management on reserves among the various stakeholders were either absent or unclear.

  • Producers impacted by disasters with smaller total payouts often wait more than a year for financial help.

  • Access to government services is not focused on the needs of Canadians and the process is too complex for Canadians.
  • Five of seven audited departments have made unsatisfactory progress since 2011 in their efforts to ensure that effective.

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Blast of wind, snow, freezing rain eyes Atlantic Canada

New

Heavy rain expected in Nova Scotia on Wednesday

The Canadian Press Posted: Nov 26, 2013 10:19 AM AT Last Updated: Nov 26, 2013 10:19 AM AT

Environment Canada says a major storm brewing in the Gulf of Mexico will bring snow, rain and wind to parts of Atlantic Canada this week.

The storm is expected to intensify and move across New England on Wednesday and into eastern Quebec on Thursday. Heavy rain is expected to spread across parts of Nova Scotia on Wednesday, accompanied by strong winds.

Forecasters say the strongest winds, with gusts up to 100 kilometres an hour, are expected in western Nova Scotia and the Cape Breton Highlands.

The nasty weather will start off as snow Wednesday in northern New Brunswick before changing to freezing rain, with similar conditions expected for southern areas.

Wind gusts up to 90 kilometres an hour are also expected in some parts of the province.

Environment Canada says winds gusting up to 140 kilometres an hour are expected in the Wreckhouse area of western Newfoundland.

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Middle-class votes sought for 1 big reason in today's byelections

Written By Unknown on Senin, 25 November 2013 | 22.40

NDP Leader Tom Mulcair and Liberal Leader Justin Trudeau can't stop talking about the middle class. In ads, speeches and in question period, the two party leaders refer repeatedly to middle-class families.

The idea of the middle class is also a major theme in the byelection race in Toronto Centre, one of four ridings seeing voters go to the polls Monday. Bourassa, in Montreal, and Manitoba's Provencher and Brandon-Souris are also seeing hard-fought races.

In a recent ad, Trudeau refers to the middle class as his priority.

"Because my priority is the Canadians who built this country: the middle class, not the political class," he said

Mulcair also referred to the middle class in his speech to caucus at last spring's policy convention.

"Today, our country faces levels of income inequality not seen since the Great Depression, and the middle class is struggling like never before," he said in April.

"Middle-class wages are consistently on the decline. Yet the Conservative solution is to demand even more from you and to leave even less to our children and our grandchildren."

Despite that, it isn't all that easy getting politicians to define what they mean by the term.

"I think that the key thing to consider when we're talking about the middle class is the self-definition and our expectations around being in the middle class," said Chrystia Freeland, the Liberal candidate in the Toronto Centre byelection and author of Plutocrats.

"I think that that sort of combination of working hard, expecting that your own hard work will translate into a comfortable and secure lifestyle for you, and then a belief that if your children work hard and get a good education" they'll do well, she said.

93% say they're middle class

Nathan Rotman, national director of the NDP, said the middle class isn't easily definable.

Byelection coverage tonight

Return to CBCNews.ca after polls close at 9:30 p.m. ET (8:30 p.m. CT) for full coverage of the results.

When to vote

Bourassa (Quebec):  9:30 a.m. to 9:30 p.m. ET

Brandon-Souris (Manitoba): 8:30 a.m. to 8:30 p.m. CT

Provencher (Manitoba):  8:30 a.m. to 8:30 p.m. CT

Toronto Centre (Ontario):  9:30 a.m. to 9:30 p.m. ET

More information and where to vote in your riding at Elections Canada's website.

"Certainly I think it's people who are struggling to make ends meet today," he said.

"People are saying well I hear that the economy is doing well, but I don't feel that it's working for me. I don't see the fruits of that strong economy in my day-to-day life... Certainly [people who are] not in the top one per cent and certainly not in the bottom five."

In fact, a specific definition of the middle class might be the 60 per cent of Canadians who make more than the bottom 20 per cent (more than about $10,000 individual income) and less than the top 20 per cent (less than about $60,000), 

Average annual individual income in Canada in 2011 was $39,300, with $29,000 clocking in as median income, the income around which half of households earn more and half of households earn less.

Average family income in Canada in 2011 was $66,200 and median family income was $48,300.

But the vast majority of Canadians identify as middle class, despite there being specific numbers to help people figure out where they fall.

That's an enormous pool of voters to try to attract. 

"Between lower middle class, middle class and upper middle class, you have 93 per cent of Canadians self-identifying," said Tony Coulson, group vice-president of corporate and public affairs at Environics Research. 

Parties direct policies to attract middle class

It's no wonder the Liberals and NDP want those middle-class votes. When politicians directly address the middle class, they're addressing almost everyone. 

Coulson says people may feel they're being reached out to when a politician says they're speaking to the middle class.

"When they hear, you know, I'm working for the middle class, I'm concerned about the middle class, those kinds of statements, they likely will feel some, some affinity toward that," he said.

The NDP and Liberals have both focused policies on appealing to the middle class, including the New Democrats' emphasis on household debt and lowering credit card fees, and the Liberals' references to making ends meet and affordable education.

One Conservative strategist says it's not only the opposition that's trying to appeal to those voters — it's just that the government does it more subtly.

Chrystia Freeland and Linda McQuaig rivals in Toronto Centre

Liberal candidate Chrystia Freeland, left, and NDP candidate Linda McQuaig are facing off over the middle class in Toronto Centre. (Handout photos)

"It strikes me that it might detract from your credibility a little bit if you put it out there publicly that you are targeting a major demographic group like the middle class. It sounds tactical and it sounds kind of manipulative," said Yaroslav Baran, a principal at Earnscliffe Strategies.

"You'll see the Conservatives talking about families, families with children, consumers, taxpayers, seniors, seniors on fixed income, our brave men and women in uniform, etc. These are groups that it's easier for people to identify with or identify themselves as being a part of. They're more specific communities."

Coulson agrees that the strategy may not be targeted enough, since there are so many sub-types within the group of Canadians who call themselves middle class.

"Young urbanites, multicultural suburban households, aging folks in the inner suburbs and older people in small towns and rural areas," are all included, he said.

"So it's really a diverse group that falls within middle-class definitions and as a result the tactical outreach might need to be more tailored to those groups."

Byelections a rehearsal for 2015

NDP candidate Linda McQuaig has written several books about income inequality, including last year's The Trouble with Billionaires. Because so many people identify as middle class, she says it's better to look at income inequality as a measure. 

"In the last 30 years, virtually all the income gains have gone to the top. Particularly to the top 10 per cent, particularly the top one per cent. And when you get below that, what you find is incomes have actually stagnated or even declined," McQuaig said.

The four byelections on Monday allow the parties to rehearse their general election campaign messages.

Toronto Centre is particularly interesting with Freeland and McQuaig, two middle-class champion heavyweights, facing off.

It's so far led to fights over which candidate bought a more expensive home and has worked harder to keep professional jobs in Canada.

As Canada's politicians refine their messaging in the two years leading up to the next federal election, the focus on "middle-class priorities" is bound to get sharper.

"I think the middle class is one that encompasses most people and certainly is around, that talks to, to both the struggles that people have and how they see themselves, and I think that's an important way of reaching out and engaging voters," Rotman said.


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